Brief Vocabulary Chibcha

The Chibcha language family comprises a group of languages ​​and dialects spoken by Chibcha peoples who populated several countries in northern South America and southern Central America. One Bosa two ties, fence or enclosure, the Round Mica three different four Muyhica chosen, braid, black thing, or branch out. HISC five, potion, medicine Ta six till seven suhuza cuhupcua ubchihica eight nine ten quihicha aca ata eleven twelve quihicha quihicha ubchihica bosa, ghetto so here ties Twenty Twenty Gueta Gueta asaqui asaqui Gueta bosa ubchihica twenty-two bosa thirty forty GUE GUE GUE HISC sixty percent mica GUE muyquy field house outside factors quye stick blood YBA fura cho woman shoots son is good GUE fihisca soul, breath paba sua Father Sun Chia Earth or Moon Quica gua region pcuahasa Quebrada Monte Ray guatoc nga For Truth Ocasa aguene GUE If there is one single atugue lion or bobcat nymy chyquy priest bone quyne field zocam muyquy year (including a lunar cycle) days Sua Sua Za ore night morning from the sunrise until noon Sua mecca afternoon from noon until the sun entered Cagui night - morning from midnight until the sun came Zasca since midnight sun to head of each tribe Tithua chircate square blanket maure chumbe or small blanket liquira wide sash worn over the shoulders topo large pin of gold or silver to turn the blanket over the chest, and whose head is like a bell Muisca people cuhuca chie cuhuca Ear Ear Elbow chispcua tabs aba upcuaga Corn pcua HICA Tongue Stone quihicha pcuapcua Pie Hat Chia Head sysqui Moon Fire Cat Eye upcua Chue quyhyca Tits Hand Boca SEM YTA Mollera gua sue Fish Bird HICA Ant ize sie Stone Water Music Cuza Teeth Nose Comb out YBA supcua Bird Blood Crab sue xie, sie Stone River HICA Zipa, Zaque, ruler yomsa, Chib yomuy staff potatoes cha man, male Educar.org: Virtual Learning Communities CHAPTER II Collaborative Language compared chibcha-American languages ​​have no affinity with the Japanese, Maya, Quiche and Quichua-Brinton errors about the common origin of the Chibcha and other tribes, and the spread of their language Comparison with sinsiga chibcha, the Arawak and Chibcha Chimila-Affinities of the Talamanca, and other dialects guayamí Isthmus-The migration of wine Chibchas North America, far from their party in the country to Costarrica, Brinton says as-Similarity of the works of art of the Talamanca and Chiriqui and dissimilarity of each other with respect to those of the Chibcha-Similarity of some of their customs.

The comparative study of American languages ​​has advanced considerably in recent years to shed light on the affinities of some other nations and the course they had to follow the migrations of peoples. When language has been attributed chibcha similarities with the Japanese, Maya, Quiche and Quichua, but nothing satisfies what has been written about it. The eminent linguist Daniel Brinton argues that Japanese words are not found in the languages ​​of America. Just read the ten pages devoted to Leo Douay the etymology of the Chibcha voices to convince themselves that has nothing to do with Maya. The etymologies of some words Chibcha Quiche proposed Dr. Barberena, do not resist the slightest analysis. As for the Quichua, differs from chibcha up in the lyrics of their respective alphabets, the first of these languages ​​have consonants ll, ñ r missing the latter, while in this are the letters b, f and g, that it lacks the Quichua.

Recent work by Dr. Max Uhle's language in a patent reveals the affinity of the dialects of Costa Rica and northwestern part of the Isthmus of Panama with a Chibcha, and allow to follow the path that traveled the known people with this last name.

This issue deserves to be treated with an arrest, and to put the events it becomes necessary to clarify some statements refuting Brinton, who in our opinion erred by data deficiency. Says the author:

"Most of those who have written about the Chibcha have spoken of them as an almost civilized nation, which was situated in the midst of barbarian hordes and no affinities with any of them. Both judgments are wrong. The Chibchas are but one of members of a large family of tribes that stretched in both directions of the Isthmus of Panama, and had representatives in North America in the South. Chibcha language was much more widespread throughout New Granada at the time of discovery of what authors have said later. It was the general language of almost all provinces, and occupied the same position with reference to other languages, Quechua in Peru. Certainly, most of the tribes of New Granada were recognized as members of this people. "Chibcha were not much more advanced in culture than their neighbors ...."

In the previous chapter we made a quick picture of the customs of the tribes surrounding the Chibcha. Most of them had not yet left the savage state, some were cannibals, one was a sodomite, another lived on robbery and another was extremely dirty and filthy, odious vices to Chibcha, with whom not one had affinities of any kind . The author has not read the earlier chronicles, otherwise it would have seen that in none of them is said that the language of this people, the most civilized of the New Kingdom, was the general of almost all provinces. It should make some appointments. We read in the Epitome of conquest, when it passed the mountains of Opon discoverers "have got to where paresció wanted and was understood after the conquest of that land, though blind, not knowing how on earth they were, and also because languages ​​with which the Indians understood and had not, because the language of the Rio Grande is no longer spoken in the mountains, or the New Kingdom is spoken in the mountains. " Oviedo, and Herrera Castellanos confirm this assertion. Father Simon says that the Spanish "suffered much bad principles with language experts," and adds "some Indians who were left of those who left Santa Marta, already Ladino in our language, and learn with ease of the Bogota or Chibcha, for the most common treatment with some Indian had flies that came from a lot of friends came to our very good linguists in both languages, Spanish and fly, which were of little consequence to follow from then on interpreters in the things that were offered to the Indians. " The testimony of these authors left worthless claims to the contrary and Coleti Alcedo, which supports Brinton.

The Chronicles we have quoted are the real sources of history, while the Alcedo and gazetteers are mere compilations Coleti little historical value. Brinton also cites Father Joseph Cassani, who says of the Chibcha, "This nation is extendidísima, and his tongue it is so much that who knows, you can run almost all the vast terrain of the New Kingdom, which have spread to these missions . "

In another part of his History says the same Father, referring to the missions of the Casanare plains and in particular to those Tunebo, Morcote Guacicos and Cheetahs, "their tongues more were dialects of different languages ​​the fly."

About testimonies to contradict the Father Cassani. The chronicler Herrera says that "throughout the New Kingdom there is no general language." A Spanish priest who was in the New Kingdom of Granada, D. Autonio Julian, author of The Pearl of America, Santa Marta, states:

"Some languages ​​have been, and still retain general and widespread in many nations, and much of a kingdom, but at least the New Kingdom, each nation that depends on another language often have different ... In the Kingdom of Santa Fe dominated the language of the Flies, nation numerous, who lived in the plains or savannahs of Bogotá delicious and very vast. Outside of these plains, and from other climates, and different languages ​​were spoken. "

Father Cassani, quite uncritically author, was not in the New Kingdom of Granada, he wrote his book in Madrid, according to the manuscript works of the Fathers Pedro Mercado and Juan de Rivero. The latter wrote his History of the missions while he was the apostolate in the Llanos and the region that bathes the Orinoco, where he spent the last sixteen years of his life.

"His truth and sincerity is well qualified Cassani says, in his virtuous life."

Here's what writer says so authorized:

"The nations that inhabit all these mountains are many, viz Morcote Guaceos, Tunebo, Cheetahs, with others ... The crowd was great, because in just Morcote, guidelines and Tamara had about six thousand souls when they entered the Fathers , and together with the Tunebo and the people of Chita were a very large crowd and difficult doctrine, by the variety of languages.

"They have the Tunebo two languages, a very tight and difficult, but universal and understand all, the other called subasque, it is easier but not so general, they do not understand the Indians in the Earth-it is funny that language, and both verbs have the names of proparoxytone assonance, and the Indians speak flaunt in front of those who do not understand. " The introduction of Uricoechea chibcha Grammar brings it a language sample sínsiga, "spoken by some of the Tunebo in the vicinity of Chita." There are sixty words, of which only ten are more or less resemble the Chibcha voices that have the same meaning. Here they are: In our opinion, in agreement with that of Uricoechea, the sínsiga was a language other than chibcha.

Makes it clear that the languages ​​of these tribes semi-wild, naturally short of words, would have altered the neighborhood and dealing with the Chibcha, as in the borders of the countries even more civilized, and this led to their being considered by some Chibcha dialects.

Brinton finds affinities of origin and language among the Chibcha and the tribes of the Arawaks, inhabitants of the Sierra Nevada, the Tairona, who occupied the foothills of the Sierra, and their neighbors the Chimilas, who had their dominions south of the Swamp . When Jimenez de Quesada came overland from Santa Marta to discover the interior of the New Kingdom, and the tribes of whom we spoke had been conquered, and he spent his expedition through the territory of the Chimilas. Indian interpreters carried naturally knew those languages, and yet could not understand the Chibcha.

Moreover, the comparison of languages ​​is about so few words, and the similarity is in several of them so little that any conclusion is risky. They are: Were the Chibcha, on the one hand, the Arawaks and Chimilas other, bringing different peoples origin who speak languages ​​derived from the same mother tongue: this would explain the similarity of some of the voices they used.

Trying tribes permanence of the Chibcha family in North America, Brinton expressed as follows:

"In the states of Panama and Costarrica, a number of tribes were united filial to the outposts of the Chibcha nation, or deeply influenced by them. These were: the Guaymi in Veraguas, who held the floor of an ocean to another, and Costarrica the Talamanca, who, divided into a number of small tribes, stretched almost to the limits of the current state of Nicaragua. It has been shown recently, and I think with evidence that satisfies their languages ​​contain a large number of words Chibcha and of a nature which can hardly be taken from this town, which indicate a mixture of extended families ...

"Dr. Max Uhle has collected numerous verbal forms identical between the various dialects Guaymi and Salamanca on the one hand, and the Arawak and Chibcha other, including more than mere numbers and many other voices in addition to those which were probably introduced by trade. Not stopping at this, has developed a variety of laws on changes vowels and consonants in the dialect, which gives the similarity of the two groups a marked relief, and erased many of their apparent differences. On the other hand shows that endings of the present and the imperative are identical and that the placement of words in the sentence is similar in both. These and other arguments I think are enough to give substance to his thesis, and I strive to expose it because I think of extraordinary importance in its application to the relations that existed in prehistoric times among the tribes of the two continents. "

To illustrate these points, copy the author following comparative table of languages ​​chibcha, talamanca and Guaymi, made by Dr. Max Uhle. As among the Guaymi Talamancas and stood the Dorasques or Dorachos, inhabiting the highlands of Chiriqui natural judge everyone to do part of the same village in continuous territory. The comparison of the dialects chumulu, or changuina Changuenas Gualaco and spoken by factions of the tribe of the Chibcha language Dorasques, we showed that our assumption was founded. Judge for the reader if we have reason to view the following table: Returning to the quotation from Brinton, we interrupt to verify their observations, we feel you do not agree with the conclusion drawn from their premises. It reads:

"With regard to migration, do not think the discussion of the dialectical changes leave no way to doubt. All of them indicate rubbing and loss of original form, such as draw from South to North-America, of course hordes wandering moved within the last, starting from the southern continent. Since there is no evidence that any North American tribe migrate to South America. "

This last proposition, which seems too absolute, nothing, try once may assert the opposite: | no evidence that any South American tribe migrate to North America. Neither nor Talamancas Chibchas and Guaymi have any kind of writing, therefore not retained memory of their origin.

Returning to the contention of this author, will present a case of migration of a bias that left Mexico and settled in the northwest corner of South America, in Colombia.

"A Mexican colony existed in the valley of Tilorio (Duy Valley) to Almirante Bay and the island of Tójar populated, now of Columbus, and the people of Chicaua and Moyano, Corotapa Quequexque and on the mainland (to the Tervi tip). His chief Iztolín language was understood in Mexico with Juan Vasquez de Coronado in 1564. "

It is reasonable to assume that people's biases chibcha, so strange to navigation, for being far from the sea and away from major rivers in canoes could have down the Magdalena and cross the sea to reach Costarrica. This, it was easy for people living near the Mexican coast and were adept at navigating it was impracticable for the Chibcha. But take it for proved, for a moment, Brinton concluded: Chibcha tribes of the people migrated from the highlands to the north and came to settle near the Atlantic Coast, the Isthmus of Panama and Costarrica. Then where did Chibchas then? It was the land of the Incas, as Brinton says that "there is every reason to believe that satisfactory Quichua first appeared in South America at the north end they occupied in recent times (Ecuador), and the course of their migration was constantly from North to South. " Not down behind the Chibcha of Quito, or the Scyri, winners of these, they said they had reached the coast of Ecuador, coming from the North by sea, embarking on rafts. Neither came from the East of Venezuela, whose barbarian tribes they have not been found affinities of any kind.

They came, originating in North America, and probably left Mexico. Some of its partially completed his long pilgrimage Costarrica and in the northwestern part of the Isthmus of Panama, where they settled, others continued sailing to Southeast and the Magdalena River to the interior of the New Kingdom of Granada.

This is at least what seems more probable, and what is more in accord with the facts.

If the Chibcha, the Talamanca, Chiriqui and Guaymi had a common origin, the first contact did not return to the last three, and art took a different route between these two great divisions of the family, in the long centuries that have passed since their separation . The jewels and gold figures, pieces of pottery, metates and stone carvings of Chiriqui are so similar to those of Talamanca in form and in their ornaments, which seem made by the same people. Not so these objects in comparison with the works of art from the Chibcha, because the difference is very large in all directions. It is enough to persuade me to collate the figures in this book which brings the excellent monograph written in English by William Holmes: | Ancient Art of the province of Chiriqui. The only similarity we have found is that they put Dorasques or Chiriqui, as the Chibcha, spiral ears small figures of gold and copper emptied.

On the way to funerals, as well as the ideas of immortality that the content of the buried treasures revealed, we find great similarity between them and other states and tribes. Well we would like to extend the comparison to religion and morals, but unfortunately very little is known of the Talamanca Dorasques and Guaymi. It seems clear that the tribes that were part of these peoples the Chibcha resembled that they were not cannibals, in which the chiefs had some of them many women, and the first whom he married was the favorite, celebrated the marriage without ceremony and bought the woman, and in others were prisoners of war killed or enslaved to be buried with their owners later. CHIBCHA S? NSIGA Language pcua uba cúhua upcua Eye Ear Ear cuhuca cuhuca chie cucaja cucayucara chispcua Tabs Elbow upcuaga cuica Uban aba eba Corn Hat Stone pcuapcua ocuara HICA CHIBCHA AHAC Chimila Arawak language Ears pcua cuhuca kuca kuhcua kua kuúsaka Pie Sol sua quihicha yuia ksa House güe tii tii chia hui Moon Fire Cat Eye GUE zankalla Head sysqui quyhyca kokka upcua kóokua uba Hand Boca atta-kra YTA tied kuti kuti aattakrá One Two Three mica bosa muuhuá moga maigua CHIBCHA Four muyhica murieié TALAMANCA murieié Guaymas? Ear Head cuhuca sysquy thokua dzekung pcua Language kuku ku tsu Mollera Chue SEM Tits MOWOE Sue Bird Pie du quihicha Ketsch Fish Ant gua gua aba ize ep tsa Corn Water Stone hak sie HICA Sol di chi sua chui xu hu güe House kasch One Cuza Comb attached bu et bu you bosa Two Three mia mai mica Gualaca CHIBCHA CHUMULU kuba kuba CHANGUINA pcua Language Ear sysquy cuhuca Duku kuga kuga Doo Head Eye Nose upcua uku kusokó oko Necho out his music teeth oakai Negu his blood YBA Sue Bird Have dul Crab Have supcua subak Suara River xie, sie sie water if ci ji, ji if you make! aga hak HICA Stone House Corn güe aba xu hu hu hau Abu habu